{"id":7395,"date":"2021-05-06T11:57:40","date_gmt":"2021-05-06T10:57:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bis-space.com\/shop\/?post_type=product&#038;p=7395"},"modified":"2021-05-06T11:57:40","modified_gmt":"2021-05-06T10:57:40","slug":"stellar-engines-for-kardashevs-type-ii-civilisations","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/bis-space.com\/shop\/product\/stellar-engines-for-kardashevs-type-ii-civilisations\/","title":{"rendered":"Stellar Engines for Kardashev&#8217;s Type II Civilisations"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3>V. Badescu; R. B. Cathcart (2000),\u00a0<i>JBIS<\/i>,\u00a0<b>53<\/b>, 297-306<\/h3>\n<p><b>Refcode<\/b>: 2000.53.297<br \/>\n<b>Keywords<\/b>: Cosmic civilisations, stellar energy, stellar impulse, Dyson Sphere.<\/p>\n<p><b>Abstract:<\/b><br \/>\nThe original concept of a stellar engine is introduced and defined in this paper as a device that uses an important part of a star&#8217;s resources to generate exergy. A classification of stellar engines is proposed. A class A stellar engine uses the impulse of the radiation emitted by a star to produce a thrust force. A class B stellar engine uses the energy of the radiation emitted by a star to generate mechanical power. A class C stellar engine is defined in this paper as a combination of both class A and class B stellar engines. Class A and C stellar engines are associated with an increase in a star&#8217;s photosphere temperature. It is shown that there is a minimum radius for a class C stellar engine to provide useful power. An optimum class C stellar engine radius allowing maximum power delivery has been identified. When our solar system is considered this optimum radius is around 450 million km. Class A and class C stellar engines make the Sun&#8217;s temperature increase and this finally has consequences for the thrust force acting on the Sun.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":7397,"template":"","meta":[],"pwb-brand":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[56,59,150],"product_tag":[438,435,437,436],"class_list":["post-7395","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","product_cat-journal-of-the-bis","product_cat-papers","product_cat-2000papers","product_tag-cosmic-civilisations","product_tag-dyson-sphere","product_tag-stellar-energy","product_tag-stellar-impulse","first","instock","downloadable","virtual","purchasable","product-type-simple","czr-hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"brands":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bis-space.com\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/7395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bis-space.com\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bis-space.com\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bis-space.com\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bis-space.com\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pwb-brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bis-space.com\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pwb-brand?post=7395"},{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bis-space.com\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=7395"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bis-space.com\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=7395"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bis-space.com\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=7395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}